Antonio Vivaldi Shqip

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The Baroque Period began in 1600 in Italy with the birth of opera. The thinking among scholars and musicians in Florence was that music needed to return to its Ancient Greek roots, though no one actually knew what Ancient Greek music sounded like. A style called monody developed which was initially a solo singer accompanied by single lutenist (and later other instruments as well). This also included another type of song called recitative, where the singer would sing in a declamatory style like that of dramatic speech.

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The way instrumental music was written was revolutionized by the development of figured bass in which the accompanying musicians’ parts were written as single notes with numbers or other symbols over them indicating which notes were to be played in addition to the notated one. This bass line was known as basso continuo.

Vivaldi, ose notat qe sjellin jete. Autor i 554 kompozimeve, Antonio Vivaldi, cilesohet si nje nga personazhet sa te rendesishem aq edhe dominues ne historine e muzikes boterore. Lindur ne Venecia me 4 mars 1648, ai e jetoi epoken e tij me shume sukses, sidomos rreth vitit 1720, kohe kur Republika Veneciane gjendej ne fundin e saj. The librettist Pietro Antonio Trapassi (1698-1782), who used the pen name Metastasio, became incredibly influential on how opera was written, in terms of structure and plot. Moreover, the composers Arcangelo Corelli (1653-1713) and Antonio Vivaldi (1678-1741) had a.

In the early 17th century, the term “opera” was not yet in use. Entirely sung dramatic works were often referred to as “musical tales.” The first such musical play was Jacopo Peri’s Dafne, of which only fragments survive. Claudio Monteverdi (1567-1643) began writing his own favola in musica, the first of which was his Orfeo. An example of the early recitative style can be found in the arioso Tu se’ morta in the second act of L’Orfeo.

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By the mid 17th century, opera became an activity for a broader audience than just royalty. Monteverdi’s opera L’incoronazione di Poppea was performed at a commercial theater in the midst of carnival season in 1643. The main character of the opera, Nero (Nerone) was portrayed by a castrato singer. Castrati were men with an exceptionally high vocal range because of an illegal and dangerous operation that had been performed on them at a young age. The final song of the opera is a duet between a soprano and a castrato, performed here by a countertenor instead.

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Dmg mori racing. Despite the risks involved and the side effects of the operation, castrati were still in high demand during the 17th and early 18th centuries to play heroes and other characters.

Around the same time, Northern European composers such as Mogens Pedersøn (1583-1623) and Heinrich Schütz (1585-1672) went to Italy to study music. Many German works from this time period adapted the Italian style to the needs of the Lutheran church.

In France, the music that was published and performed was ultimately decided by King Louis XIV (1638-1715). Early Baroque opera in France was called tragédie lyrique, which featured adaptations of Greek myths with French librettos. Here’s an aria from Jean-Baptiste Lully’s opera Atys (1676).

Ballet was also a major part of court entertainment since Louis enjoyed dancing.

In 17th century England, opera had failed to catch on, and spoken word plays with incidental music were the norm under King James I (1566-1625). Instrumental consort music (songs composed for a family of instruments to be played by a group of musicians) was still popular in England, but not so much on the European continent. The English Civil War and reign of Oliver Cromwell (1599-1658) put a damper on the arts during the mid 17th century in England. When the monarchy was restored and Charles II ruled, English theater was revived. A genre that flourished in the 17th century in England was the semi-opera, a type of drama featuring a speaking cast and a singing cast, with music between the acts of the play. Arguably, the genre lived and died with the English composer Henry Purcell (c. 1659-1695). He was renowned his ability to set the English language to music, which many considered to be difficult. Purcell’s only true opera Dido and Aeneas was lost for a while after his death, but fortunately, it was revived and remains performed to this day. You can watch it in its entirety here:

The rest of the Baroque period was dominated by Italian influence. The librettist Pietro Antonio Trapassi (1698-1782), who used the pen name Metastasio, became incredibly influential on how opera was written, in terms of structure and plot. Moreover, the composers Arcangelo Corelli (1653-1713) and Antonio Vivaldi (1678-1741) had a profound impact on instrumental music.

Antonio Vivaldi Shqip

G.F. Handel (1685-1759) made Italian opera finally catch on in England and established the genre of English oratorio (a sung, but not staged drama on a sacred or biblical subject). J.S. Bach (1685-1750) composed oratorios in German since his style was rooted deeply in Lutheran traditions, although Bach and his contemporaries were likewise influenced by Italian music. When Bach died in 1750, the the foundation for the Classical period was laid, and the Baroque period in Europe had come to an end.

A Few Baroque Instruments

Harpsichord. A keyboard instrument, with plucked wire strings.

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Baroque organ. A keyboard instrument, with its sound produced by air being pumped through pipes.

Violin Antonio Vivaldi

Edit pdf files for free on mac. Theorbo. A member of the lute family, with a long neck to accommodate low bass strings. They could vary in size from place to place. French theorbos were sometimes a lot smaller, and Roman ones could be extremely long.

Baroque cello. The gut string, the precursor of the modern cello. It had no endpin, and the players simply had to hold it between their legs.

Chalumeau. The precursor of the modern clarinet. The history of the chalumeau is mostly lost, but it may have been used in France as early as the 12th century. It took until 1700 for the instrument to become popular in other countries as well.

Baroque violin. The gut strung precursor of the modern violin. Unlike the modern violin, the Baroque violin had no chin rest. There are also a number of structural differences between the two instruments.

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Antonio Vivaldi Wikipedia Shqip

Baroque guitar. The precursor to the modern guitar. It was much smaller than standard guitars in our time and it was tuned slightly differently.

Musette. A small bagpipe that became popular in France because it was used in court pastorals to emulate the music of the countryside

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Bibliography

Antonio Vivaldi Wikipedia Shqip

Taruskin, Richard. The Oxford History of Western Music. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2010.
Woodfield, Ian, and Lucy Robinson. 2001 “Viol.” Grove Music Online. 25 Sep. 2018.
https:////www.oxfordmusiconline.com/grovemusic/view/10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.001.0001/omo-9781561592630-e-0000029435.